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Cryptography Articles & Guides
Educational articles on cryptographic primitives used in JWT authentication — HMAC, SHA family hashes, random key generation, and secure encoding.
·9 min read
Base64 and Base64URL Encoding in JWTs Explained
Understand why JWTs use Base64URL encoding, how it differs from standard Base64, and how to encode and decode JWT parts correctly in any language.
·3 min read
The Definitive Guide to JWT Secret Entropy
Understand why high-entropy secrets are critical for HS256 JWT security and learn how to generate cryptographically secure signing keys.
·2 min read
How to Generate a Secure API Key in Node.js
Learn the professional way to generate a secure API key in Node.js using the built-in crypto module. Practical examples for production-ready security.
·2 min read
MD5 vs SHA-256: Why MD5 Is No Longer Safe
Explaining the security differences between MD5 and SHA-256, why MD5 is deprecated, and how hash collisions compromise data integrity.